8.15

Risk Assessment

Principle 8 - Assess Fraud, Improper Payment, and Information Security Risk

Attribute 8.15 - Internal risks include unintentional acts by employees, whose vigilance is a key defense against external threats and user error. Internal threats may also come from intentional malicious acts by former or disgruntled employees. They pose unique risks because these individuals may be both motivated to work against the entity and better equipped to succeed in carrying out a malicious act as they have greater access to and knowledge of the entity's information technology and business processes.

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Jamie's Story

No examples are available to illustrate governance gaps for this attribute.

Election Anomalies

The Green Book's Principle 8 addresses Assess Fraud, Improper Payment, and Information Security Risk. Obviously, improper payments is not a concern during the Assessment of Election Anomalies. However, improper payments by MC county may exist, but would require a separate assessment.

The Green Book's emphasis on fraud and information security as separate risk assessment activity is intentional. MC may be able to defer to the Arizona Secretary of State's Election Procedure Manual as general steps taken to ensure the integrity of election results. Fraud occurs when loopholes are identified and exploited by the fraudsters. The implementers of election services (i.e., Arizona Counties) are better positioned to detect fraud and assess the risk of fraud because they are handling the data, not the state. Hence, governance gaps may be identified from patterns of poor assessment and response to risk with respect to election fraud and information security.